Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Business Issues and the Contexts of HR Assignment

Business Issues and the Contexts of HR - Assignment Example The human asset supervisor likewise assumes an incredible job in accommodating the proprietors or directors of the organization and the workforce, when an emergency emerges in the organization the human asset chief, as he is nearer to the individuals than the proprietors are attempts to bring the two gatherings together to think of a goals. The monetary world has been confronted with comparable issues with regards to human asset the executives. This is on the grounds that human asset is dynamic and extents from talented to semi gifted to talented work. The becoming serious world has attempted to put asset supervisors behind them to look for polished methodology and to make the serious in the financial world. As rivalry expands the common assets diminishes, this carries us to the term endurance for the fittest and just the fittest organization will endure, numerous organizations are contributing intensely on talented work that has additionally picked up its opposition in the market (Human Value Management, Jac Fitz-Enz, 1990). Mechanical developments have taken a middle stage in the dynamic financial world making need to arm the workforce with the aptitudes. In numerous organizations workforce capable in the IT part have a preferred position over the others. Data correspondence innovation has empowered organizations to save money on expenses of creation and has made it simpler to showcase their products and keep a decent progression of data inside and outside the organization. With the developing expansions and the world, monetary emergency it has gotten basic for organizations to cut on their spending and the human asset division has not been spared the migraine. Systems administration has become another key factor in the advancing scene. Social destinations, for example, Face book, twitter, what sup and Skype among others have played a significant assignment in the showcasing of the items. This implies some human asset staff must have the option to adapt to this to stay serious. It has changed people’s methods of living and doing

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Surrogacy is Morally Wrong Essay -- Surrogacy Is Immoral

In this paper, I contend that if the discussion about the profound quality of surrogacy is framed as far as regard because of other people and the principal significance of their close connections with each other, at that point it might be demonstrated that most customary occurrences of surrogacy are ethically off-base. Human prospering can't be isolated from one’s associations with others and any situation which is ruinous of such connections must be viewed as shameless. The proxy, except if she is treated as an article or simply as an unfortunate obligation, is personally engaged with the connections between the youngster and its putative guardians and significant connections become vague thus hurt. Besides, in the event that this view whenever dismissed, at that point the women's activist contention that surrogacy consistently includes the abuse of the proxy renders it indecent. The discussion about surrogacy rotates around the accompanying issues: (a) regardless of whether it is in light of a legitimate concern for the kid in question or in light of a legitimate concern for society; or (b) whether it is exploitative of the birth mother or in light of a legitimate concern for ladies, overall. In considering the issues under (an) it is frequently contended that kids are in danger of mischief from having socially developed family connections as opposed to normal ones. Numerous reporters have compared the experience of kids and birth moms in surrogacy courses of action to youngsters and giving up moms in reception, and point to the potential mental and social damage that may result. (1) One contention against surrogacy in this way rotates around the connections which are included. In spite of the fact that discussion of interests appears to frame the discussion in utilitarian terms (2) it isn't the main manner by which the contentions about surrogacy might be s een. Another method of seei... ...s the potential for depersonalisation solid, citing the instance of a lady who said of her sister (in an instance of selfless surrogacy), We are simply utilizing Jacki as a bag extremely, a hatchery to convey it. By the day's end it’s our youngster. Rowland, R. Operation. Cit., 164 (17) Ibid., 164-166 (18) Szikla, C. Surrogacy, Why Women Lose,http://www.readings.com.au:8080/~wise/RT2.htm, 3-6 (19) Another arrangement is to state that this polarity doesn't hold and that there is nothing amiss with a mã ©nage à trois (or à quatre, if both sperm and ovum are given). This arrangement, in any case, changes our originations of marriage and drastically adjusts the setting wherein the issue is being talked about in this paper. (20) See Mitchell, J.D. In Vitro treatment: The Major Issues - A Comment, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 9, 1983, 196-199, who makes a comparable point.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Essay Sample Social injustice

Essay Sample Social injustice Social injustice is around us. It exists from the ancient time. Unfortunately, it exists even now, when everyone has a chance to understand that all people are equal and deserve the same attitude. I’m not among those people who felt it, but I clearly see how a lot of other people suffer from it. Probably, it is impossible to solve this problem once and for without some magic, but it is possible to change the situation for better if more people understand what social injustice is, what categories it has, and how it is presented in the modern world. Apart from this, it is essential to know about the ways of how ordinary people can fight with social injustice on their own. As for me, social injustice occurs when equals are treated unequally, and when there are borders that exist only for some groups of people. If to look at all of the laws and human right that most of the modern countries have, there shouldn’t be any social injustice. However, it exists at schools, at colleges, at work, and even at home. Most of the people think that social injustice is something like racism, sexism, and similar things. Yet, the problem is much deeper. There are two categories of social injustice: inter-social treatment and unequal government regulation. The first one includes people’s beliefs about other people that are based on the local, religious, cultural and other differences. Apart from this, there is also unequal government regulation category. It includes regulations and laws that discriminate some groups of people. Such things as poverty (lack of access to water, food and other basic things), lack of access to education, lack of access to health care, lab or laws are called unequal governmental regulation. When the problem is clear, it vital to get to know the ways how to fight with social injustice. It can be a problem to change the laws and regulations, but it is always possible to start changing the world from yourself. Social injustice isn’t something that occurs from the early childhood. Even being a child, everyone notices that all of the people are very different. There are males and females, people with the different height and people who have a different color of skin. Apart from this, there are poor and right people, those who are very smart and those who aren’t. It is very hard to describe all of the differences that human beings have. Yet, little children don’t care about them, it is the society, who teaches children to behave in a certain way. For this reason, to change the world for better, it is necessary to start to bring up the new generations differently. It is essential to teach children to be kind and polite with all of the people. Apart from this, it is possible to create different organizations that can help those, who suffer from social injustice. Everyone, who has such problems require the help of other human beings. If such organization is quite big, it will have a chance to influence not only on the society point of view but also on the government viewpoint. There won’t be fast results, but they will be sooner or later if to keep fighting. Social injustice exists, but until people fight with it, there are high chances that they will live better even if it is impossible to get rid of it once and for all. It is just necessary to understand that every person counts, and every effort to help also counts. If to unite all people and all efforts, it is possible to make lives of different social groups a little bit better.

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Essay about Module 1 Assignment - 1194 Words

Module 1 Assignment Case #1 1. What should Rani Pharmaceuticals do? Rani Pharmaceuticals should act in the best interest of their loyal customers as well as their own. By sending out the next quarterly newsletter with additional information on the Soothing Waters Hot Tubs and Spas, and allow the consumers to decide if they would like to receive further more information. 2. Does the AMA Statement of Ethics address using customer information by multiple divisions of the same company in its Statement of Ethics? Go to http://www.marketingpower.com and review the code. Then, write a brief paragraph on how the AMA Statement of Ethics relates to Rani Pharmaceutical’s dilemma. The AMA doesn’t say that in those exact words but it does†¦show more content†¦A place where people are going to continue spending outrageous numbers of dollars for many years to come. If they can continue to impress the consumers with new unique experiences, people will continue to go. External (T)hreats: Cost to attend these shows are high, and with a declining economy tickets can get harder and harder to sell. 2. List and describe three keys to Cirque du Soleil’s competitive advantage. 1. They have a product and service differentiation advantage because they consistently bring a one of a kind experience like you’ve never seen before. 2. They have a very large budget that is backed by hotel and casinos. 3. They are located in one of the biggest tourist spots in the country. 3. Explain how Cirque du Soleil implements, evaluates, and controls the elements of its marketing plan? Cirque du Soleil has a large building that is the home of Cirque du Soleil where all the training is done to ensure that members are ready to perform at a high level of proficiency. They have expanded from Vegas and gone international as well as T.V. That makes it possible for people to see the show from almost anywhere in the U.S. The production does cost a lot of money to begin but they have a big budget to help. Case #3 1. Describe the technological, social, and political factors acting on the video game industry. Some of the environmental forces that influence the video game industry included technological,Show MoreRelatedModule 1 Assignment2093 Words   |  9 PagesSUCCESSES IN TECHNOLOGY Successes in Technology Leah Andersen Allied American University Author Note This paper was prepared for SOC250, Module 1 Homework Assignment taught by Instructor Jesse Kleis. Successes in Technology Technology has had a major impact on human successes over the past million years. Possibly the single most influential event in the public’s interest when it comes to science and technology, would be the Apollo II mission. 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Mission, Vision, Values and Goals Course Number: MGT599 Trident University Dr. Nanette Scarpellini Metz April 22, 2013 Abstract Kraft Foods Group, Inc. has a mission and vision statement that accurately reflects the strategic business plan and encompasses their brand. These statements have been effectively written to be mutually supporting and provide the roadmap for continued success. Based upon Kraft’s mission and vision statement, the company has developedRead MoreModule 5 - Assignment 1. Analyzing A Model Of Inquiry.1743 Words   |  7 Pages Module 5 - Assignment 1 Analyzing a Model of Inquiry Rima Garg The Office of Talent Development Prince George’s County Public Schools The Chinese Proverb, â€Å"Tell me and I forget, show me and I remember, involve me and I understand†, applies to the 21st century skills that students need to have to meet the global challenges. Inquiry is a process of active learning that is driven by questioning and critical thinking. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

EPC Plant Equipment Maintenance Process Free Essays

Man-hours of Planned WOW Standby Man-hours ratio 0 No. Of Standby Man-hours / No. Of total Man-hours Mean work-order execution time (Days) Maintenance cost and cost ratio 0 Total maintenance cost per month / Total equipment book value 0 Differentiated values for man-hours and spare-parts 0 Divided in separated categories of equipment (rotary, fixed, facilities, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on EPC Plant Equipment Maintenance Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) Measured monthly Level 1 cross-functional map of the current process We at EPIC have been able to produce and deliver high quality, high-value chemicals to our customers through modern process technologies and hallucinated equipment and facilities. However, The ever increasing competition in the market requires us to reduce our plant maintenance costs and improve maintenance productivity by reducing non-value-adding activities and idle times, optimizing our manpower and machinery resource allocation, reducing spare-parts inventories, and minimizing the equipment idle-time and maintenance/procurement delays. These objectives may not be achieved unless we review, assess, and improve our maintenance planning and execution processes. To achieve an acceptable level of maintenance quality and productivity aimed at increasing production reliability and continuation, we have proposed to initiate a comprehensive analysis of maintenance processes, targeted at 50% reduction in maintenance costs and time, 30% reduction in spare parts inventory, and an average inter-overhaul period of at least 8 years. Implementing the above initiative will hopefully enable us to maintain our cost leadership and remain at the top of the domestic chemicals market. Review/analysis of the current state and its problems/issues As cited in the section n symptoms/problems and the root cause analysis chart, The most basic symptoms of the maintenance process which are manifested in the internal customer’s dissatisfaction are delayed execution and poor quality of maintenance work. These are mainly attributed to unskilled maintenance workers, poor coordination and cooperation between production and maintenance workers, and long procurement procedures, which result in several losses: 0 Downtime from breakdown and changeover times 0 Speed losses (when equipment fails to operate at its optimum speed) 0 Idling and minor stoppages due to the abnormal operation of sensors, blockage of work on hates, etc. 0 Process defects due to scrap and quality defects to be repaired 0 Reduced yield in the period from machine start-up to stable production. But the ultimate cause of all these inefficiencies lies in the non-optimized function-oriented hierarchical organization within the maintenance and other company-wide departments. In fact, this last phenomenon is the cause of fragmented processes and unnecessary control and inspection, which in turn hinder employees’ motivation and empowerment as well as cause very long cycles of spare-parts procurement. Initial improvemen ts- Streamlining How to cite EPC Plant Equipment Maintenance Process, Essays

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Impact on the Australian International Business for Communication

Question: Discuss about theImpact on the Australian International Business for Communication. Answer: Introduction Increased benefits are being derived from cross-cultural and multinational businesses such as knowledge that is diverse and new exciting, insightful approaches to dealing with problems that businesses face. Despite the new derived benefits from carrying out international business their certain stumbling blocks in regards to international business and culture (Hult News, 2017). There are numerous ways that one can define culture, but in simple terms, culture is a set of norms that are accepted and shared by society. However, when looking at culture in the international context that is business oriented, it is notable that what a professional from one country deems acceptable is not acceptable at all in another country. To excel in the global business environment then, recognizing and understanding how culture affects business that operates internationally in three core areas is crucial. The areas include communication, organizational hierarchy, and etiquette, and by understanding the areas, any business working at international levels can eliminate any misunderstanding with clients and colleagues from abroad resulting to good business (Hult News, 2017). In any business, local or international communication is fundamental and collaborative activity. Goods and services exchange takes place through close coordination of many people sometimes within a single area and at times across a global distance. To coordinate at such levels, communication becomes essential as specifications of a complex product and schedules of production require understanding that is mutual. Moreover, in any business, negotiating of deals is crucial, and thus effective communication can guarantee success in such deals. Around the world, styles of communication are enormous and contribute to staggering styles of business that are different in a variety of forms. Countries such as Australia and others in the western European roots such as Canada, New Zealand rely heavily on low-context communication while the rest of the world lean towards high-context communication (Hooker , 2008). The paper will look into the communication differences and cultural impact on the I nternational business about Australia with hopes of understanding how contemporary international business issues impact on a countrys business abroad. Analysis In any business, making contacts is an inevitable activity, and the difference in communication context among countries affects the drawing up of contracts. Western contracts such as those drawn in Australia and Canada are very thorough where a simple transaction such as renting a car for an hour may need almost 3 pages of print to state the terms of the deal with any suspectible contingency. In such a contract, when signing takes place, it leaves no room for any sort of flexibility in the terms unless the party to the contract sit down and conclude to alter the terms if they deem that they are both losing. Despite the inflexibility, parties to the contract are always expected to deliver, and failure to do so results in an enforced compliance from the legal systems. On the other hand, contracts that rely on high-context communication have a difference in character due to two major reasons. One reason is that in high-context communication, it is unnecessary to write everything down si nce a simple gesture as a handshake becomes a mutual understanding. When the contract is written, it becomes a mere memorandum of understanding rather than taking it just as a legally binding document. In such communication, the terms are deemed very complex thus creating room for adjustments if need be as the contracting parties are more likely to depend on the relationships of trust that pre-exist rather than place reliance on legal systems. Secondly, contracts that depend on high context communication understand that the very idea of contracts exists only in partictlar cultures, mainly those which aremanipulated historically. The view which a Westerner has when it comes to doing deals is the same view such an individual has when doing business. A convents idea is fundamental to the culture and is also seen to govern the relationship between humans and God in the Old Testament as inscribed in the Christian Bible (Hooker , 2008). However, in a culture that is Confucian, doing business is mainly about relational development that is personal and that are based on family and clan connections. Also, in such cultures undertaking business relies on mutual an obligation that is known as guanxi, a term in Chinese that indicates connections. Therefore, in high-context communication, business arrangements and plans grow along with relationships rather than through communications that are written formally in contracts. Managers in other areas of the world that work with Western low-context communication countries such as Australia draw up contracts to please them but not because they require the contract. By going into such contracts with such countries, the organizations feel trapped as they feel that they require to adjust and amend the contractual terms as soon as the next day after signing the document. They feel enslaved by one piece of paper in a world that is constantly changing and in certain extent may not desi re to do business with such countries that hold them back due to bureaucracy (Hooker , 2008). Decision making and negotiation are essential in business and even more important in every cross-cultural business. In the Western negotiations, a yes may not necessarily mean yes, it may be a maybe and at times the maybe may mean no. When such countries say yes their indication is at times an understanding or an acknowledgment of a proposal. Once the proposal is unsatisfactory, the response that they send indirectly consist of statements such as lets take the time to think about it. In Japanese, for instance, silence or non-follow up of next meeting brings forth a particular meaning to them that were not intended by the other party to the negotiation. When dealing with such indirect high-context communications to pass the message across, reliance is crucial. In the international negotiation, there is always a misunderstanding that is as a result of the way of communication, and most businesses try their best not to offend the other party. Indirect communication that comes forth from indirect speech used by parties to the negotiation occurs in situations where the parties disagree not only in the negotiation but also when discussing a decision or when conflicts require resolutions (Hooker , 2008). The Westerners are always open in such settings as their way of communication affects the situation at hand that the parties are making an effort to solve. Parties in a disagreement state their views openly since their difference in resolution relies on objectives standards where the view that wins is that which has plenty of backing from stronger arguments, calculations from a spreadsheet or the market force logic. Despite the closure of the argument and finding their predicament unpleasant, there is always the expectation that they will subject their feelings to a criterion that is objective. In most parts of the world business, people have plenty of faith in objectivity as life revolves around relations that humans build rather than what are seen as universal rules of logic. Since there is no independent standard to resolve conflict, it is essential therefore for parties in a negotiation not to give offense at the very first place. However, it is not easy for such scruples to appl y in transactions that are transient especially interacting with strangers. Nevertheless, when dealing with associates in business with whom one must ensure a working relationship, it is imperative for the parties to maintain harmony through courtesy, indirection, and deference. The low context communicators in a negotiation meeting expect consideration of the pro and cons and at times expect to arrive at a decision on the spot. The participants to such a negotiation are expected to openly express their opinion, provide backup for their views with arguments and facts. On the other hand, high context communicators that depend on such culture expect deliberations and decision making to take place behind the scenes and at high levels. To them, A meeting is a venue to announce and explain their decision. In a culture which is relationship-based with regards to negotiations, the very concept as it is understood in the West may result in problems. It is not uncommon for such negotiation to get viewed as confrontations that come to undermine harmony. Negotiations to westerners are a poker game where players can lose without resentment as long as the players adhere to the set rules. Such rules are not acknowledged, and only the relationships that are human are considered as real thus crucial to foster good relations that are dependent on trust. Westerners face difficulties in bargaining in a traditional market set up as the conventions are very specific to the culture and require learning over an extended period. The difference in the communication styles between the parties is crucial in behavior regulation. The norm in the Western countries is that communication should be in writing while in the high context culture communication is not always written. The westerners employees may find it offensive to get punished for unwritten communication as they believe they cannot know better unless someone writes, but in high context cultures, correction by an individual is just a way of communicating and regulating behavior(Okoro, 2012). For instance, differences in culture and communication have affected the way Australia does business with other countries. For example, when doing business with China, eating in a banquet is a common business culture. It is impolite to finish your meal as it symbolizes generosity to the host of the banquet. It is also crucial to bring gifts to the dinner and normally there is the expectation that you will refuse the gift before accepting it. It is hard to carry out b usiness with then Chinese if you are offended by the elders spitting in public as it is an expected behavior for them and the sake of the business deal, it is expected the parties to come into agreement in cognizant with the diverse cultures. When giving a business card to them, there is always an expectation that it is done with both hands. Failure to adhere to such societal set standards of behavior may terminate the business before it starts (International Blog). The Australian and the Canadians expect employees to participate less in the decision-making process in the organization. Thus, the production in Japan is very hierarchical. In the Japanese setting, individualism is not encouraged in the work setting unlike in Australia as the Japanese show more preference to groups in conferring identity and status. In countries like Japan, masculinity is expected to get portrayed as a sign of competitiveness as opposed to behavior nurturing which is witnessed in Australia. In Japan, the producers prefer clear plans and policies and procedures in any joint while the Canadian and Australian producers prefer discretion that matches with ambiguity. It is evident that the Japanese and the Australian work under different environments and this will affect their international business as employees who work within their international branches may face conflicts and hard times (McFadyen , Hoskins, Finn ). Conclusion Different Cultures have different ways of communication which affect the way parties undertake the business internationally. It is crucial for a business to understand the culture to those countries it conducts business with so as to ensure effective and efficient communication leading to successful partnership. Failure to communicate appropriately results in misunderstanding affecting the contracts, the work environment and the negotiations between the parties from different countries. The miscommunication hinder the progress of business in the contemporary global market, and therefore management cannot ignore the influence to which the different cultures will have on the development of the organization. The Western countries communicate differently with their counterpart in other regions of the world. Western countries communicate using the low cultural context communication which affects the contracts, negotiations, and behavior. Culture and communication. Organizations in Austral ia are negatively impacted by such communication as it interferes with their business deals. It is thus the role of the management to find ways that can help in adapting to the change and difference in culture to accommodate the rest of the world into their business. It is up to the businesses to adopt training of its employees to enhance the way they carry out business with the world. The global market is not forgiving to those that neglect cultural impact on international businesses. Reference List Hooker, J. (2008). Cultural Differences in Business Communication. In C. B. Paulston. Tepper School of Business Carnegie Mellon University. Hult News. (2017, January 6). 11 Biggest Challenges of International Business in 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2017, from www.hult.edu: https://www.hult.edu/news/international-business-challenges/ Hult News. (2017, January 19). Culture influence international business in 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2017, from www.hult.edu: https://www.hult.edu/news/cultural-differences-impact-international-business/ International Blog. (2015, January 12). Cultural Differences Between Australia and China. Retrieved May 10, 2017, from blogs.acu.edu.au: https://blogs.acu.edu.au/international/16898/cultural-differences-china/ McFadyen, S., Hoskins, C., Finn, A. (n.d.). The Effect of Cultural Differences on the International Co-production of Television Programs and Feature Films. Communication, 23(4). Okoro, E. (2012, June). Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business: Towards a Strategic Framework for Managing Corporate Expansion. International Journal of Business Management, 7(16), 1833-8119.

Thursday, April 2, 2020

Title Essays - Human Pregnancy, Developmental Biology, Embryology

Title: The Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Music on Children's Intelligence Introduction: The experiment that I wish to conduct is the effect of prenatal exposure to audio stimulation on a child's overall intelligence. There have been many studies over the past decade about the relationship between music and intelligence. Emily P. Cary (1987) discovered a correlation between gifted students and music. Students who were exposed to classical music at a young age had better coordination skills, mental ability, and problem solving ability in comparison to those that did not have the exposure to music at a young age. Psychologists have traditionally accepted that memory begins at approximately years of age. However, with the advent of ultrasounds, in uteri monitors, and fiber optics televisions, there has been significant evidence that learning begins in the womb. In 1982, Dr. Brent Logan (1995) developed the pre-learning theory, which will be used in the experiment that I wish to conduct. Dr. Brent (1995) suggested that toward the end of gestation, there is a continual loss of fetal brain cells. The loss of brain cells consists after birth, but ceases at an unspecified time in the months after a child is born. Dr. Logan wanted to see if there was a way in which the brain cell loss can be slowed after birth. Dr. Logan conducted an experiment with twelve infants in 1986. Over a period of three years, he exposed the infants to sonic stimulation daily. He found that the group of children that were stimulated after birth had better memories and coordination when compared to those that did not have sonic stimulation. Based on this experiment, the loss of brain cells is considered a natural phenomenon, yet with sonic stimulation and environmental enrichment, the brain cells did not die, but increased neurology within the experimental group. One of the most cited researchers on prenatal stimulation is the psychologist Beartiz Manrique. Dr. Manrique conducted an experiment in Caracas, Venezuela called "Project Family." She was one of the first doctors to test Dr. Logan's pre-learning on fetuses instead of infants. The "Project Family" has been the largest experiment of its kind. It consisted of 680 families. The 680 families were divided into control groups and experimental groups. The goal of the study was to test the pre-learning theory, and to analyze the relationship between stimulation in uterus babies and child development, family integration, health and education. The study population consisted of Venezuelan mothers between the ages of 18 and 26. The participants had to all be first time mothers, of the same socio-economic status, and had to have an obstetrician certify their pregnancy as healthy. The women also had to commit to frequent visits to a selected OB-GYN to record the progression of the pregnancy and the fetus. The participants were actually divided into four groups, two experimental groups, and two control groups. The experimental group had to perform a prenatal program, neonatal program designed by Dr, Manrique and other specialists. The mothers of the infants also had to make subsequent visits to the doctor until the child reached the age of six years old. Dr. Manrique found from birth, there was a difference between the babies born in the experimental group and those that were born in the control group. Babies from the experimental group were more alert, attempted to turn their heads at the sound of their parents' voices over all ambient noises, and they recognized music that was played while they were still in the womb. Babies that had been prenatally stimulated also seemed to be more social. Overall, the children that received prenatal stimulation did better at the activities that Dr. Manrique had provided to test her subjects. The deliberate audio stimulation ended once the children reached one year of age, but the children were observed continuously until they reached the age of six. Purpose The purpose of my experiment would be to apply Dr. Logan's pre-learning theory to infants at the 16th week of gestation as well as the 27th week of gestation. Most research on prenatal infant stimulation has been conducted at the 27th week of gestation. (Logan 1995) This is the period when Dr. Manrique conducted her experiment as well. Since fetuses begin to develop