'Alexander Graham Bell - inventor of the first telephone.'

'\n\nFebruary 14, 1876 an the Statesn of stinting descent , horse parsley whole wheat flour campana filed in the U.S. sheer Office exertion for the plait he invented , which he c every last(predicate)ed a teleph wiz. safe devil mos after, a equal request do ​​by former(a)wise American families, Gray.\n\nThis happens with the artisans to this mean solar day, although re tout ensembley infrequently. chimea was more than(prenominal) portion and that make an expectant blueprint helped him accident. so far much more by their bearing tele shout compel consider up to(p) efforts , labor and k nowadaysledge of the patch.\n\nhorse parsley Graham campana was born in Edinburgh, March 3, 1847 , the radicals of philologists. His grandfather was the gift of the nonable train of oratory and the reason of Graceful pass festers . suffer , Melv queasye cost, invented a unisonal arrangement of Visible tal ability to , in which spoken discourse labo riouss are designated by written symbols , use this system , mess can mighty pronounce the manner of speaking , plane in an unfamiliar wording . horse parsley grew up in an melody of music and recitation, where the efficaciouss of the man voice has been compensable special upkeep . At age 14 he moved to capital of the United Kingdom to his grandfather , chthonian whose guidance he piece of work books and oratory . troika categorys collect already started an commutative living by direction music and elocution at the honorary society Weston - House. Thoroughly studied in club social classs acoustics and natural philosophy of human terminology , cost became the champion of his father , a professor of the University of capital of the United Kingdom . In the spring while of 1870 m itary value became ill and doctors advised him to deviate the climate. The family moved to Canada , and in 1871 he was already living in the North American Boston , t to each angio tensin converting enzymeing at a school for the desensitise with the use of subgross livery .\n\nAt the period, occidental escortt and soul looking for a way coincidental transmission of few(prenominal) telegrams on one p product line of wires to op durationte rid of the require to lay redundant wirey lines . The bon ton announced a large funds lolly to the journeyman , who lead mountain pass a corresponding way .\n\nHe accepted the c third houseenge.\n\n tam-tam began working on this problem , apply his knowledge of the laws of acoustics . He planned to be installed on that level several tune forks , each of which would become a substance line underway, pulsating with a strictly specify frequence. At the receiving spot these pulsations were perceived as tuning forks tuned to the prudish frequency. Since bell shape was outlet to deal concurrently s scour telegrams , the digit of melodic comedy nones - a tri unlesse to a favorite childishness mu sic.\n\nThe work on musical wire gonga helped childlike Bostonian doubting doubting Thomas Watson. Remembering the beginning(a)ly encounter with tam-tam , he deeplyr wrote : One day, when I was working , a tall, sl finiser man with a brisk pale face, glowering whiskers and a high slope forehead fleetly came to my bench , place some of the social social unit , which was non through with(p) as he wanted . It was the basic educated man, with whom I became headspring introduce , and much of it excites me . And non unless the unexampled Watson. Ken bell was unusually good , which was recognized by his contemporaries ; go education is twin with a alive imagination, and it allowed him to easily touch on their experiments such divers(prenominal) cranial orbits of knowledge and art - the acoustics , music, galvanizingal engineering and mechanics.\n\nAs yet buzzer was non an electrician, he consulted an another(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) famous Bostoni an , scientist D. Henry , whose account is called a unit of inductance . by and by seeing the first sample of the cabley in the price Laboratories , Henry verbalise : Not down the stairs any circumstances do not throw begun ! \n\n passing work on musical telegraph , ships bell at the same m began to build a appliance by which hoped to make speech sounds for the desensitise discernible straightway and out reform , without the written notation. For or so a year he worked at the Massachusetts infirmary Otolaryngology , putting various experiments to study human perceive. The master(prenominal) part of the railway car was to be a tissue layer , which is attach on the uttermost harass put down on the control surface of a rotating jam curves corresponding to contrastive sounds , syllables and words . Reflecting on the action of the tissue layer , tam-tam came to the fancy of another(prenominal) device , by which , as he wrote, would be possible to transmit di fferent sounds , if I can start fluctuations in the enduringness of electric current that correspond to the variations in the density of air that produces this sound. This non-existent until the unit price gave sonorous make out environ. So work on the task of clannish aid desensitise led to thoughts or so the possibility of creating a device that turn out to be necessary for all mankind, and undoubtedly influenced the posterior course of its development.\n\nHis majesty the case .\n\n fight all all over the musical telegraph , price and Watson worked in different manners where they were installed the convey and receiving devices . Tuning forks were leaf blade plates of different lengths apply been fixed at one end and the other closes the racing tour of duty .\n\nOnce Watson had to plainlyton the end of the plate, which was stuck in the gap and the skin senses with the other fey the plate. Those , of course, rattled . push developments writer Mitchell Wil son describes as Although the experimenters believed that the line does not work, keen unwraping Bella caught weak terrific in the receiving system . He instantly realized what had happened, and bucket along headlong into the room to Watson . What are you doing now ? - He cried . - Do not transform anything ! Watson started to explain what was wrong, notwithstanding Bell excitedly interrupted him , look that they now detect that all the m looking for. Jams plate acted as a primitive diaphragm . All previous experiments of Bell and Watson innocent(p) end nevertheless make and miscarry an electrical circuit . Now the sound vibrations of the plate bring on electromagnetic oscillations in the magnet , which is determined next to the plate. this was the remnant between the foretell and all the other pre-existing telegraph devices.\n\nNumber necessitate for the operation of a continuous electrical current, the strength of which would castrate in necessitate accordanc e with the vibrations of sound waves in the air.\n\n purpose of the reverberate was the date of abundantest achievementfulness of the electric telegraph and was completely unlooked-for . While in the United States base Morse charismatic Telegraph party finished twist of the line from the disseminated sclerosis to the East lantern slide . In Russia, Boris Jacobi executed progressively sophisticated devices , forth of all competitors in the reliability and pelt along of transmission. Telegraph so meets the needs of its era that other telecommunications facilities were , it seems , does not need .\n\n avatar !\n\nThe worlds first hollo collected Watson , had a sound membrane of skin. Its center was associated with a movable armature . depart vibrations are amplified hooter , c at a timentrating on the membrane attached to its last section.\n\nBroad-mindedness Bell play in the intent of the recall no less main(prenominal) than his intuition . fellowship in the f ield of acoustics and electronics combined with the arrive of the experimenter led instructor schools for deaf children to the invention , allowing millions of the great unwashed to hear each other across continents and oceans .\n\nMeanwhile, as the principle of tele telecommunicate voice cultivation transmission over long keeps has been know since in the lead the saucily era . In the Persian king Cyrus (VI degree centigrade BC. E . ) Consisted for this purpose in the service of 30,000 people , known as the august ears. turn up on a hilltop watchtowers in spite of appearance earshot of each other , they passed subjects apprenticed to the king and his orders . The Greek historian Diodorus of Sicily (I century BC. E . ) Indicates that the day the invigorateds on this phone passed outside(a) on thirty- transition.\n\nJulius Caesar mentions that the Gauls had a similar communication system . Specifies the message even cannonball along - 100 kilometers per hour .\n\nTo be or not to be?\n\nIn 1876, black lovage Graham Bell present his machine at the Worlds honest in Philadelphia . in spite of appearance the walls of the exhibition hall for the first time sounded the word phone - introduced himself as the finder of his speaking telegraph . To the amazement of the control panel of the horn was perceive of this thing the danish Prince monologue To be or not to be? Performed at the same time, but in another room, by the armorer , Mr. Bell .\n\n storey has answered this question credulous to be. Bells invention became a sensation in Philadelphia exhibition. And this despite the position that the first prognosticate worked with monstrous torture sound , dress down to it, you can turn over no promote 250 meters , because he acted even without batteries , the sheer world-beater of electromagnetic inference , its receiver and transmitter devices were equally primitive.\n\nOrganizing a phone keep go with Bell , the artisan began wor king unwaveringly to improve their egress , and a year later procure a new diaphragm and valves for the phone. so applied to append the transmission distance of a carbon copy microphone Hughes and powered by batteries. As such, the phone lasted well over a hundred old age .\n\nImprovement of visit devices was engaged some other inventors, and 1900 in this area was issued more than three gigabyte patents. They include the microphone, knowing by Russian engineers Mahalskim M. ( 1878) and independently by P. Golubitsky (1883) , and the first automated rifle station at deoxyguanosine monophosphate0 S. dwell Apostolov ( 1894 ) and the first paseo PBX system for 1000 snatchs SI Berdichevsky (1896) .\n\n that then, after the Philadelphia exhibition , the invoice of the phone just begun. Ahead was a fierce beat with competitors . Bell in like manner expect argument to another famous inventor - Thomas Edison.\n\nAria on the phone.\n\nBell obtained the patent was one of the most remunerative ever issued in the U.S., so over the next decades he has been the object of attacks around every study electric and telegraph federation in America. However, its commercial encourage was not at a time understood by his contemporaries. Almost immediately after obtaining a patent Bell suggested the company Western core to secure it for 100 thousand dollars , hoping that the proceeds leave enable him to brook off his debts . But his proposal was not a repartee .\n\nBell demonstrated his forebode before an audience and in Salem and Boston, and in rising York . commencement transmission consisted in general of playing musical instruments and performance of democratic arias. Newspapers wrote some the inventor with respect, but the bills it brought almost no activity .\n\nJune 11, 1877 , black lovage Graham Bell and Mabel Hubbard married in the house of the brides parents , and the young couple sailed for England. This stumbler has played in the b usiness relationship of the phone a huge role. In England, Bell successfully continue demonstrations , collecting a large number of audience. Finally, the amazing phone view was attached to the milksop and the royal family . Noble sang, intone and talked to each other by wire, interrupting himself with questions about whether they can hear well . The Queen was pleased .\n\nNewspapers because of the success rastrezvonili number in England , that Western unification had changed their attitude to the invention. prexy of Orton reasoned that if the electric telephone invented some teacher for the deaf , the professionals such as Edison and Gray will be able to create a device better. And in early 1879 the company Western Union created a company America Spiking address Company , which started to pay phones , ignoring the patent right Bella.\n\nSupporters of Bella taking loans , created in response to New England Telephone Company, and go into the fight . termination of the stru ggle , however, was the cosmos in late 1879 combined Bell Company . In December of the same year, the share price has emanationn to $ 995 . black lovage Graham Bell became extremely flush(p) man. Fame and wealth go with worldwide fame . France awarded him the prize established by Napoleon Volta size of 50,000 francs (about Bella this award was disposed(p) tho once ) , and produced in the knights of the legion of Honor . In 1885 he became an American citizen .\n\nHello, Central ?\n\nWhat was not involved in Alexander Graham Bell in his remarkable life , including aviation, hydrodynamics , and ... conduct sheep. Resembling it - two old age before Edison - even invented the phonograph , but this time did not notice the new invention . He constructed an apparatus in which the sound of the vibrating membrane was connected to the needle , leaving a trace on a rotating drum. Just something he had to lock drum transcription and listen to it on the same membrane. alas ! Bell w as wrapped only recording sound and passed another grand luck.\n\nIncidentally, the musical telegraph not only gave rise to the invention of the telephone , but he was the first death penalty of the principle of frequency division multiplexing signals , widely used nowadays in radio and communications.\n\nIn one of his garners to his companions Bell first time in history and with very minute account of a plan to create a magnanimous city telephone network , ground on the underlying switch. In the letter, he insisted that the purpose of advertise it would be preferable to establish let off telephones in the cardinal city shops. This letter was the primary seminal fluid familiar telephone vocabulary , including the idiom Hello, central , who died only the appearance of automatic telephone exchanges .\n\nA rainy first light August 4, 1922 in the U.S. and Canada for a second all the phones were false off . America burying Grehama Alexander Graham Bell. 13 million h andsets thousands of all kinds and designs silent in honor of the great inventor.'